Urea storage system

ABSTRACT

A urea storage system comprising a storage tank for a urea solution is provided. The system comprises a heated reservoir, a channel connecting the storage tank to the heated reservoir and a pump for drawing urea from the heated reservoir. A second pump including an actuator comprising a memory shape metal for drawing urea from the storage tank to the heated reservoir is also provided.

The present disclosure relates to pumps for vehicle mounted ureareservoirs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Urea selective catalyst reaction (SCR) systems treat diesel exhaust toreduce tailpipe emissions. A urea and water solution is injected intothe exhaust stream. Hydrolysis converts the solution to ammonia upstreamof a SCR catalyst converter. The ammonia reacts with NO₂ trapped on theSCR catalyst to form N₂ and CO₂ and thus reduce pollution of the dieselexhaust.

At temperatures below −11° C., the urea solution freezes into solid ice.A thermal heating system thaws the solid ice into liquid solution. Apump transports the thawed solution to an injector that is in theexhaust stream. In order to provide adequate operation during coldweather, a predetermined amount of the urea solution must be proximatethe heater and the pump's pickup tube. This is accomplished by using areservoir within the urea solution storage tank. The reservoir holds theheater and the predetermined amount of urea. The solution level withinthe reservoir is typically even with the solution level within theremainder of the storage tank unless a pump and check valve system isemployed. The pump and check valve system pumps solution from thestorage tank into the reservoir, thereby raising the solution levelwithin the reservoir to above the solution level in the remainder of thestorage tank. A check valve prevents the solution from draining out ofthe reservoir and back into the storage tank.

Present designs do not have pumps due to cost and reliability issuesrelated to freezing and thawing of the urea solution. Meeting legislatedemission requirements is not a problem if the storage tank is full ofsolution when it freezes. However, if the solution level in the storagetank is low, such as 25% full, the solution level in the reservoir isnot sufficient to supply the amount of urea demanded until the outertank thaws, which may not be sufficient to provide urea to the exhausttreatment system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A urea storage system comprising a storage tank for a urea solution isprovided. The system comprises a heated reservoir a channel connectingthe storage tank to said heated reservoir and a pump for drawing ureafrom the heated reservoir. A second pump including an actuatorcomprising a memory shape metal for drawing urea from the storage tankto the heated reservoir is also provided.

The invention also contemplates a method of pumping urea solution in aurea storage system. The method provides a urea storage tank and aureareservoir fluidly connected to the storage tank. A pump, including anactuator is interposed between the storage tank and the reservoir. Themethod comprises moving the actuator to a first position by energizing ashape memory metal attached to the actuator and moving the actuator to asecond position by de-energizing the shape memory metal attached to saidactuator of said pump. Finally, the method comprises decompressing aspring in contact with said actuator.

The present invention provides a simple mechanism for pumping ureasolution in applications where urea is subject to freeze/thaw cycles.Such applications include motor vehicles that are subject to ambienttemperatures below the freezing point of the urea solution. Thesimplicity of the disclosed pumping mechanism is tolerant of frozen ureasolution and provides a method of quickly thawing frozen urea formaintaining liquid urea for exhaust treatment. The present inventionresumes pumping when the urea solution within it has been sufficientlyheated to return to a liquid state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter, which is regarded as the invention, is particularlypointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion ofthe specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages ofthe invention will become apparent from the following detaileddescription taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of one embodiment urea of asolution storage system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a pictorial of the pump and reservoir, partially incross-section, in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the pump in accordance with thepresent invention; and

FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of the reservoir partially in cross-section,in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to FIG. 1, a functional block diagram is shown of a ureastorage system 10. Storage system 10 includes a storage tank 12 thatcontains a urea solution 14. Urea solution 14 can be refilled via afiller opening 16. Storage tank 12 includes a reservoir 18. Reservoir 18contains a portion of solution 14 within a volume that can be heated bya heater 20. A pump 22 pumps solution 14 into reservoir 18. The level ofsolution 14 can therefore be higher than the solution level in tank 12providing a pressure load in reservoir 18 that is greater than thepressure head within tank 12. A check valve 24 prevents solution 14 fromdraining out of reservoir 18 and returning to storage tank 12. Anotherpump 26 transports solution 14 from reservoir 18 to a urea injectionsystem that injects solution 14 into the engine exhaust stream.

Referring now to FIG. 2, one of several embodiments is shown ofreservoir 18. Reservoir 18 includes a level sensing tube 30 thatcontains a printed circuit board (PCB) 32. PCB 32 includes electroniccircuitry that senses the position or height of a level sensing float34. Level sensing tube 30 contains PCB 32 and guides level sensing float34 which is concentric to tube 30 and rides circumferentially thereon.Level sensing tube 30 also serves as a cylinder which houses pump 22therein at a bottom portion 31 of tube 30. Heater 20 heats urea solutionin the proximity of level sensing tube 30 and at the bottom of reservoir18.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a functional block diagram is shown of pump 22.PCB 32 is secured within level sensing tube 30 at an upper end 33. Ashape memory metal, shown as shape memory wire 40 is disposed withinupper end 33 and is adapted to expand and contract based on temperature.As shown, a first end 41 of shape memory wire 40 attaches to a piston42. Piston 42 includes a sealing ring 43 about the circumference ofpiston 42 and in contact with the inner circumference of bottom portion31 of tube 30. A second end 43 of shape memory wire 40 attaches to PCB32 through a strain limiting spring 44. Spring 44 is employed to limitstrain in shape memory wire 40. However, it will be appreciated that anyelastic member capable of conducting electricity can be substituted. Inaddition, strain limiting spring 44 is shown as being connected betweenPCB 32 and shape memory wire 40 at a second end 43; however, it will beappreciated that spring 44 may also be connected at the first end 41 ofshape memory wire 40, between shape memory wire 41 and piston 42.

PCB 32 is connected to a power source and includes electrical terminals46 and 50, extending therefrom, that selectively provide electricalenergy. The electrical energy is communicated to shape memory wire 40via strain-limiting spring 44 connected to terminal 46 and a wire lead48. Wire lead 48 communicates between the bottom end of shape memorywire 40 and terminal 50. Charging shape memory wire 40 with electricalenergy causes it to heat up. As shape memory wire 40 is heated itcontorts, causing its axial length to shrink. The contortion causespiston 42 to axially traverse along the length of level sensing tube 30and bear against a spring 52 disposed within bottom portion 31 of tube30. A first end 53 of spring 52 bears against an upper end 55 of piston42, while a second end 57 of spring 52 bears against the lower portion59 of PCB 32. Since the spring constant “K” of spring 52 is less thanthe spring constant “K” of strain limiting spring 44, then thecontortion and resulting axial reduction in length of shape memory wire40 causes piston spring 52 to deflect first. When the electrical energyis cycled off, the shape memory wire 40 cools, indeed can be quicklycooled by the urea solution 14 in reservoir 18 that surrounds sensingtube 30. Upon cooling, the axial length of memory wire 40 expands,allowing piston spring 52 to push piston 42 downward to the bottom ofits stroke within bottom portion 31 of tube 30.

Referring now to FIG. 4, where a partial view of reservoir 18 is shown,a partially circumferential channel 37 is formed by the bottom ofreservoir 18 to allow urea solution 14 to enter a first chamber 29.Specifically, reservoir 18 comprises a cylindrical bottom portion 118with a bottom end wall 119 and a cylindrical upper portion 120 capped atboth ends with a lower end wall 121 and with an upper end wall 123(shown in FIG. 2). Cylindrical bottom portion 118 is concentric withcylindrical upper portion 120 and has a larger diameter, such that theouter diameter of upper portion 120 fits within the inner diameter ofbottom portion 118 to form circumferential channel 37. Lower end wall121 is spaced above end wall 119 to form the first chamber 29.

After urea solution 14 flows from tank 12 to reservoir 18 throughcircumferential channel 37 a first check valve 60, shown as an umbrellavalve through lower end wall 121 is configured to allow urea solution 14to flow from first chamber 29 and enter a cavity 129 formed in levelsensing tube 30 by the upstroke of piston 42. After cavity 129 has beenfilled with urea solution 14 by the upstroke of piston 42, shape memorywire 40 can be de-energized and allowed to cool. Thereafter, pistonspring 52 forces piston 42 in a downward stroke. A second check valve62, also an umbrella valve, is configured to pass urea solution 14 fromlevel sensing tube 30 to an interior portion 70 of reservoir 18 aspiston 42 continues its downward stroke into cavity 129. It will beappreciated that the flow rate of the urea solution 14 into interiorportion 70 is adjustable. For example, by adjusting the stroke of piston42, the area of the head of piston 42, and/or the reciprocatingfrequency of piston 42 as controlled by the energizing and de-energizingof memory wire 40, the flow rate into reservoir 18 can be matched to anyspecified criteria.

Once urea solution 14 has been pumped into the interior portion 70 ofreservoir 18, it forms a pressure head therein that is greater than thepressure head of tank 12, within which reservoir 18 is positioned. Thepositioning of heater 20 near lower end wall 121 of reservoir 18 allowsinterior portion 70 to be quickly and efficiently heated, thus quicklythawing urea solution 14 when heater 20 is energized. Therefore, pump 26can draw liquid urea solution 14 via a draw pipe 45 connected to pump 26soon after heater 20 is energized. Level sensing float 34 floats on ureasolution within interior portion 70. As described above, PCB 32 sensesthe level of float 34 for purpose of energizing memory wire 40 to insurereservoir 18 contains a sufficient amount of urea solution 14 inpreparation for the next freeze/thaw cycle. In addition float 34 mayalso be used as a urea solution 14 level signal to activate pump 26.

Pump 22 is very simple, requires minimal power, is very compact,inexpensive and has very few moving parts. Pump 22 is robust to theexpansion and contraction of the urea solution as it freezes and thaws.The memory shape wire 40 drive system for piston 42 allows the ureasolution 14 to freeze and expand without damaging pump 22. It will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that the displaced volumeprovided by piston 42 and level sensing tube 30 may also be provided bybellows, a diaphragm, or the like that are actuated by a shape memorywire 40 and counter spring equivalent to spring 52. In addition, it willbe understood by one skilled in the art that any type of pressure reliefvalve may be substituted for the umbrella check valves 60 and 62disclosed herein.

While the invention has been described in detail in connection with onlya limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood thatthe invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, theinvention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations,alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretoforedescribed, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of theinvention. Additionally, while various embodiments of the invention havebeen described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention mayinclude only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, theinvention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, butis only limited by the scope of the appended claims.

1 A urea storage system comprising; a storage tank for a urea solution; a heated reservoir; a channel connecting said storage tank to said heated reservoir; a pump for drawing urea from said heated reservoir; and a second pump including an actuator comprising a memory shape metal for drawing urea from said storage tank to said heated reservoir.
 2. The urea storage system of claim 1, wherein said heated reservoir is disposed within said storage tank.
 3. The urea storage system of claim 1, wherein said heated reservoir has a first pressure head and said storage tank has a second pressure head, said first pressure head being greater than said second pressure head.
 4. The urea storage system of claim 1, including a drawpipe disposed within said heated reservoir and connected to said second pump.
 5. The urea storage system of claim 1, wherein said reservoir comprises a first portion and a second portion, said channel disposed between said first portion and said second portion.
 6. The urea storage system of claim 5, wherein said first portion is cylindrical and said second portion is cylindrical and concentric to said first portion, said channel being partially circumferential and disposed between said first portion and said second portion.
 7. The urea storage system of claim 1, wherein said second pump includes a pump cavity having a first valve in fluid communication with said storage tank and a second valve in fluid communication with said reservoir.
 8. The urea storage system of claim 7, wherein said actuator comprises a piston disposed in said cavity and attached to said shape memory metal.
 9. The urea storage system of claim 8, wherein said piston has a first position and a second position, said first position opening said first valve, said second position opening said second valve.
 10. The urea storage system of claim 7, wherein one of said first valve and said second valve is an umbrella valve.
 11. The urea storage system of claim 1, wherein said actuator comprises a piston and said shape memory metal is a shape memory wire, said shape memory wire attached to said piston.
 12. The urea storage system of claim 1, wherein said actuator comprises a piston having a first position in which said shape memory metal is electrically energized and a second position in which said shape memory metal is de-energized.
 13. The urea storage system of claim 1, wherein said actuator includes a spring in contact with said piston, said spring actuating said piston from said first position from said first position to said second position.
 14. A method of pumping urea solution in a urea storage system comprising: providing a urea storage tank; providing a urea reservoir fluidly connected to said storage tank; providing a pump including an actuator interposed between said storage tank and said reservoir; moving said actuator to a first position by energizing a shape memory metal attached to said actuator; moving said actuator to a second position by de-energizing the shape memory metal attached to said actuator of said pump and decompressing a spring in contact with said actuator.
 15. The method of claim 14, including opening a first valve in fluid communication with said storage tank upon moving said actuator to said first position and opening a second valve in fluid communication with said reservoir upon moving said actuator to said second position.
 16. The method of claim 14, including heating said urea in said urea reservoir.
 17. The method of claim 14, including expelling said urea from said pump into said reservoir and heating said urea therein.
 18. The method of claim 14, including pressurizing said reservoir to a pressure head greater than a pressure head within said storage tank. 